PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:
I. To compare the overall survival (OS) following induction with steroids + TKI + blinatumomab versus induction with steroids + TKI + chemotherapy.
SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:
I. To compare the rate of minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity for patients treated with chemotherapy versus (vs) blinatumomab at the end of first induction (week 15).
II. To evaluate the rate of the MRD negativity by treatment arm for those patients MRD positive after the first induction and administered of second induction.
III. To compare event free survival (EFS) for patients initially randomized for chemotherapy vs blinatumomab.
IV. To assess the toxicities of blinatumomab + TKI vs. TKI + chemotherapy in this patient population.
V. To assess the toxicities of the chemotherapy regimen in this patient population.
VI. To describe the outcome of patients who proceed to allogeneic stem cell transplant after treatment with blinatumomab + TKI only.
OUTLINE:
ARM A (PRE-INDUCTION): Patients receive prednisone orally (PO) once daily (QD) on days 1-21 and ponatinib hydrochloride (ponatinib) PO QD or dasatinib PO QD on days 1-21 based on investigator's choice.
Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 arms (Arm B or C). Patients undergo bone marrow aspiration with biopsy, lumbar punctures, echocardiogram (ECHO), and multigated acquisition (MUGA) scans as indicated by investigator.
ARM B (INDUCTION THERAPY):
CYCLE 1: Patients receive cyclophosphamide intravenously (IV) twice daily (BID) on days 1-3, dexamethasone PO or IV on days 1-4 and 11-14, cytarabine intrathecally (IT) on day 1, doxorubicin hydrochloride (doxorubicin) IV on day 4, vincristine sulfate (vincristine) IV on days 4 and 11, and methotrexate IT on day 8. Patients also receive Mesna 600mg/m\^2 IV as a 'chemoprotectant' via continuous infusion on days 1-3, (beginning 1 hour prior to cyclophosphamide and completed by 12 hours after the last dose of cyclophosphamide).
CYCLE 2 (AGE 18-70): Starting in cycle 2, fit patients aged 18-70 receive dasatinib 70mg/day PO or ponatinib 30mg/day PO on days 1-21, methotrexate IV over 24 hours and IT on day 1, and cytarabine IV over 2 hours on days 2-3 of each cycle. On day 22 of cycle 2 or later, as soon as the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) is greater than 1000 cells/ul and platelets are greater than 50,000 cells/ul, patients receive hyper cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone (CVAD) for 2 additional cycles.
CYCLE 2 (AGE \> 70 or unfit \< 70): Starting in cycle 2, patients age \> 70 or younger unfit patients for Hyper-CVAD receive ponatinib PO QD or dasatinib PO QD on days 1-21 of each cycle. Patients also receive methotrexate IV over 24 hours and IT on day 1, and cytarabine IV over 2 hours on days 2-3 of each cycle. Cycle 1 and 2 regimens are each repeated once starting on day 22 of cycle 2, or later, but as soon as the ANC is greater than 1000 cells/ul and platelets are greater than 50,000 cells/ul.
Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients who achieve remission (significant reduction in the amount of leukemia in bone marrow and blood/MRD negative) after 4 cycles may receive alternative treatment, either consolidation with two cycles of Hyper-CVAD followed by TKI maintenance therapy or undergo allogeneic stem cell transplantation followed by maintenance therapy. Patients who do not achieve a remission (MRD positive) are assigned to Arm D. Patients who experience un-resolving renal failure or life-threatening infection which may require a treatment delay of 21 days cross-over to Arm C to receive the prescribed course of blinatumomab.
ARM C (INDUCTION THERAPY):
CYCLE 1: Patients receive ponatinib PO QD or dasatinib PO QD on days 1-28. Patients also receive dexamethasone PO or IV on day 1 and blinatumomab IV continuously on days 1-28, followed by methotrexate IT on day 28 or 29.
CYCLE 2: Patients receive ponatinib PO QD or dasatinib PO QD on days 1-28. Patients also receive dexamethasone PO or IV on day 1 and blinatumomab IV continuously on days 1-28.
Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 2 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
ARM D (RE-INDUCTION): Patients treated on Arm B who remain MRD positive at the end of induction therapy receive blinatumomab based re-induction identical to the regimen described for Arm C.
ARM E (RE-INDUCTION): Patients treated on Arm C who remain MRD positive at the end of induction therapy receive chemotherapy based re-induction which is identical to regimen described for Arm B according to patient's age and the pre-specified chemotherapy arm.
Patients whose molecular test remains MRD positive after re-induction proceed to follow-up at the discretion of the investigator or receive anti CD-19 CAR- T cell therapy, inotuzumab ozogamicin, intensive chemotherapy, or palliative care.
Patients are followed up for 10 years from the date of registration.
Inclusion Criteria:
- ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR PREREGISTRATION (TO STEP 0) - INCLUSION
- Patient must be >= 18 and =< 75 years of age
- Patient must have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status
between 0-3
- Patient must be newly diagnosed with B-ALL or is suspected to have ALL
- Patient must have BCR-ABL1 positive disease. The diagnosis of ALL and the
presence of BCR-ABL translocation must be confirmed centrally. Patients can be
registered and begin Step 1 therapy while awaiting central laboratory eligibility
confirmation
- NOTE: Bone marrow aspirate and/or peripheral blood specimen must be
submitted to the American College of Radiology Imaging Network (ECOG-ACRIN)
Leukemia Laboratory at MD Anderson Cancer Center to determine patient's
eligibility for registration to Step 1 or confirm patient evaluability.
Centrally fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis will be
performed to determine B-ALL and to exclude acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or
acute bi-phenotypic leukemia and baseline BCR-ABL status will be determined
by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). The ECOG-ACRIN Leukemia
Laboratory will forward results within 48 hours of receipt of the specimen
to the submitting institution. Bone marrow aspirate is to be from first pull
(initial or re-direct). Specimens must contain sufficient blast cells. In
cases where the bone marrow aspiration may be inadequate, or the bone marrow
examination has already been performed prior to study consent and enrollment
on Step 0, peripheral blood may be submitted, given that adequate
circulating blasts are present (> 10%). If a diagnosis of BCR-ABL positive
B-ALL has already been established by local Clinical Laboratory Improvement
Act (CLIA) certified laboratories, the patient may be registered to Step 1
without waiting for central confirmation
- Patients who started any kind of TKI prior to study registration to Step 1 are allowed
to proceed on the study if they received no more than 14 days of TKI
- ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR REGISTRATION TO STEP 1 - INCLUSION
- Patient must have a diagnosis of Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+) ALL that has
been determined locally, and bone marrow and/or peripheral blood was sent and receipt
confirmed for central confirmation or determined centrally by the ECOG-ACRIN Leukemia
Laboratory at MD Anderson Cancer Center
- Total bilirubin =< 3 mg/dL (patients with Gilbert's syndrome must have a total
bilirubin =< 5 mg/dL) (obtained =< 28 days prior to step 1 registration)
- Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase
[SGOT])/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase [SGPT])
=< 2.5 X the institutional upper limit of normal (ULN) (obtained =< 28 days prior to
step 1 registration)
- Estimated creatinine clearance > 45 mL/min (based on Cockcroft-Gault equation)
(obtained =< 28 days prior to step 1 registration)
- Patients with acute organ dysfunction at step 1 registration, which may be attributed
to leukemia can be registered regardless of lab results at presentation. Such patients
will be allowed to register and can start Arm A steroid + TKI therapy but will only be
allowed to proceed to Step 2 randomization if the eligibility criteria outlined is met
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients on effective anti-retroviral
therapy with undetectable viral load within 6 months are eligible for this trial
- For patients with evidence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the HBV viral
load must be undetectable or on suppressive therapy, if indicated
- Patients who presented with no evidence of acute organ dysfunction but during Step 0
experienced a rise in liver enzymes which investigator suspects to be a side effect of
any of prescribed drugs, are allowed to be registered regardless of the level of liver
enzymes. Step 2 Randomization must be withheld until the eligibility criteria outline
is met but no more than 14 days after concluding Arm A therapy
- Patients with a history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection must have an undetectable
HCV viral load and if indicated, on treatment
- Patients with a prior malignancy whose natural history or treatment does not have the
potential to interfere with the safety or efficacy assessment of the investigational
regimen are eligible for this trial
- Patients with known history or current symptoms of cardiac disease, or history of
treatment with cardiotoxic agents, should have a clinical risk assessment of cardiac
function using the New York Heart Association Functional Classification. To be
eligible for this trial, patients must be class 2B or better. An ECHO/MUGA is
required.
- Patients with known history or current symptoms of cardiac disease, or history of
treatment with cardiotoxic agents, should have a clinical risk assessment of cardiac
function using the New York Heart Association Functional Classification. To be
eligible for this trial, patients must be class 2B or better
- Investigators must confirm which TKI patient is to receive
- NOTE: Patients with known T315I mutation status should receive ponatinib
treatment
- NOTE: In situations due to insurance coverage issues and the pre-selected TKI is
not immediately available, patients can receive dasatinib or imatinib during Step
1. The investigator must re-specify dasatinib or ponatinib prior to Step 2
randomization and from then on patients must receive the pre-selected TKI only
- ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR RANDOMIZATION TO STEP 2- INCLUSION
- Patient must have completed at least 7 and no more than 21 days of protocol-treatment
on Arm A prior to step 2 randomization. (Days in which arm A therapy was withheld for
any reason are not counted)
- NOTE: First day of steroids prescription after registration will be considered as
the first day of study therapy. The selected TKI must be initiated prior to
randomization
- Patients who presented with acute organ dysfunction within 2 weeks of registration to
step 1 must have total bilirubin =< 2 X institutional upper limit of normal (ULN)
- AST(SGOT)/ ALT(SGPT) =< 2 X the institutional upper limit of normal (ULN)
- Estimated creatinine clearance > 45 mLg/min (based on Cockcroft-Gault equation)
- Investigators must confirm which TKI patient is to receive.
- NOTE: Patients with known T315I mutation status should receive ponatinib
treatment
- For patients under age 70, intended chemotherapy regimen must have been determined
prior to randomization
- Patients must have resolved any serious infectious complications related to therapy
- Any significant medical complications related to therapy must have resolved
- ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR REGISTRATION TO STEP 3 (RE-INDUCTION) - INCLUSION
- Institution has received centralized MRD results confirming positive status
- Patients who presented with acute organ dysfunction within 2 weeks of registration to
step 1 must have total bilirubin =< 2 X institutional ULN
- Patients who presented with acute organ dysfunction must have AST (SGOT)/ALT (SGPT) =<
2 X institutional upper limit of normal (ULN)
- Patients who presented with acute organ dysfunction must have an estimated creatinine
clearance > 45 mL/min (based on Cockcroft-Gault equation)
- Investigators must confirm which TKI patient is to receive
- NOTE: Patients with known T315I mutation status should receive ponatinib
treatment
- For patients under age 70 and previously assigned to Arm C, intended chemotherapy
regimen must have been determined
Exclusion Criteria:
- PREREGISTRATION (STEP 0) ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA - EXCLUSION
- Patient must not have a diagnosis of BCR/ABL T-ALL
- Patient must not have received chemotherapy for B-ALL. Patients who received up to
five days of hydroxyurea or steroids of any kind with the aim to reduce disease burden
prior to study registration to Step 1 are eligible
- Patient must not have unstable epilepsy that requires treatment
- Patients with lymphoid blast crisis CML are not eligible
- STEP 1 REGISTRATION ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA - EXCLUSION
- Patient must not be pregnant or breast-feeding due to the potential harm to an unborn
fetus and possible risk for adverse events in nursing infants with the treatment
regimens being used. All patients of childbearing potential must have a blood test or
urine study within 14 days prior to registration to rule out pregnancy. A patient of
childbearing potential is defined as any woman, regardless of sexual orientation or
whether they have undergone tubal ligation, who meets the following criteria: 1) has
achieved menarche at some point, 2) has not undergone a hysterectomy or bilateral
oophorectomy, or 3) has not been naturally postmenopausal (amenorrhea following cancer
therapy does not rule out childbearing potential) for at least 24 consecutive months
(i.e., has had menses at any time in the preceding 24 consecutive months)
- Patients must not expect to conceive or father children by using accepted and
effective method(s) of contraception or by abstaining from sexual intercourse from the
time of step 1 registration, while on study treatment, and until at least six months
after the last dose of study treatment
- Patient must not have active concomitant malignancy. Patients on chronic hormonal
therapy for breast or prostate cancer or patients treated with maintenance with
targeted agents but are in remission with no evidence for the primary malignancies are
eligible
- Patient must not have complaints of symptoms and/or have clinical and/or radiological
signs that indicate an uncontrolled infection or any other concurrent medical
condition that could be exacerbated by the treatment or would seriously complicate
compliance with the protocol
- STEP 2: RANDOMIZATION - ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA - EXCLUSION
- Patient must not have active central nervous system (CNS) involvement by leukemic
blasts. Patients with signs of CNS involvement at presentation are eligible for
randomization if clearance of blasts from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is
demonstrated