PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:
I. To evaluate whether a strategy of complete surgical resection followed by surveillance can maintain an overall survival rate of at least 95.7% at two years for pediatric, adolescent and adult patients with stage I (low risk) malignant germ cell tumors, and at least 95% for patients with ovarian pure immature teratoma.
II. To compare the event-free survival of a carboplatin versus (vs.) cisplatin-based regimen in the treatment of pediatric, adolescent and young adult patients with standard risk non-seminomatous germ cell tumors.
IIa. To compare the event free survival (EFS) of a carboplatin-based regimen (carboplatin \[C\] etoposide \[E\] bleomycin \[b\]) vs. a cisplatin-based regimen (cisplatin \[P\]Eb) in children (less than 11 years in age) with standard risk germ cell tumors (GCT).
IIb. To compare the EFS of a carboplatin-based regimen (BEC) vs. a cisplatin-based regimen (BEP) in adolescents and young adults (ages 11 - \< 25 years) with standard risk GCT.
SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:
I. To compare the incidence of ototoxicity in children, adolescents and young adults with standard risk germ cell tumors treated with carboplatin-based chemotherapy as compared to cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
II. To refine and validate a novel patient-reported measure of hearing outcomes for children, adolescents and young adults with standard risk germ cell tumors.
EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES:
I. To prospectively determine the correlation of tumor marker decline (alpha-fetoprotein \[FP\] and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin \[HCG\]) with clinical outcome in low and standard risk germ cell tumor patients.
II. To compare self-reported peripheral neuropathy and other patient-reported outcomes between children, adolescents and young adults with standard risk germ cell tumors treated with carboplatin-based chemotherapy as compared to cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
III. Assess the relationship between hearing loss as measured by audiometry with the effects of tinnitus as assessed on the Adolescent and Young Adult Hearing Screening (AYA-HEARS) instrument.
IV. To evaluate the prognostic significance of serum micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA)s in stage I testicular cancer (seminoma and non-seminoma) patients by collecting clinical data and serum specimens for future analysis.
OUTLINE:
Patients with low-risk stage I grade 2, 3 ovarian immature teratoma or stage I non-seminoma malignant germ cell tumors (MGCT)s undergo observation and can transfer to standard risk arm at time of recurrence if eligibility criteria are met. Patients with stage I seminoma testicular MGCT undergo observation, and those with residual/recurrent disease are treated at the discretion of their physician. Patients undergo computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and/or chest x-ray as well as blood sample collection throughout the trial to monitor for response and recurrence. Patients may also undergo a tumor biopsy throughout the trial.
Patients with standard risk 1 are randomized into 1 of 2 arms.
ARM I (CEb): Patients receive bleomycin intravenously (IV) over 10 minutes and carboplatin IV over 1 hour on day 1. Patients also receive etoposide IV over 1-2 hours on days 1-5. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo CT, MRI, and/or chest x-ray as well as blood sample collection throughout the trial. Patients may also undergo a tumor biopsy throughout the trial. Patients undergo a pulmonary function test on study.
ARM II (PEb): Patients receive bleomycin IV over 10 minutes on day 1. Patients also receive etoposide IV over 1-2 hours and cisplatin IV over 1-3 hours on days 1-5. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo CT, MRI, and/or chest x-ray as well as blood sample collection throughout the trial. Patients may also undergo a tumor biopsy throughout the trial. Patients undergo a pulmonary function test on study.
Patients with standard risk 2 are randomized into 1 of 2 arms.
ARM III (BEC): Patients receive bleomycin IV over 10 minutes on days 1, 8, and 15, etoposide IV over 1-2 hours on days 1-5, and carboplatin IV over 1 hour on day 1. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 3 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo CT, MRI, and/or chest x-ray as well as blood sample collection throughout the trial. Patients may also undergo a tumor biopsy throughout the trial. Patients undergo a pulmonary function test on study.
ARM IV (BEP): Patients receive bleomycin IV over 10 minutes on days 1, 8, 15, etoposide IV over 1-2 hours on days 1-5, and cisplatin IV over 1-3 hours on days 1-5. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 3 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo CT, MRI, and/or chest x-ray as well as blood sample collection throughout the trial. Patients may also undergo a tumor biopsy throughout the trial. Patients undergo a pulmonary function test on study.
After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up every 2 months for 12 months, every 3-6 months to 24 months, every 6 months for years 3-5, and then annually for up to 10 years.
Inclusion Criteria:
- There is no age limit for the low risk stratum (stage I ovarian immature teratoma and
stage I non-seminoma or seminoma malignant GCT [all sites])
- Standard risk 1: Patient must be < 11 years of age at enrollment
- Standard risk 2: Patients must be >= 11 and < 25 years of age at enrollment
- Patients enrolling on one of the low risk arms must be newly diagnosed with a stage I
germ cell tumor; for the standard risk arms, patients must be newly diagnosed with
metastatic germ cell tumor (stage II or higher); histologic confirmation of a primary
extracranial germ cell tumor in any of the categories outlined below is required of
all patients at enrollment except for those who were initially diagnosed with stage I
non-seminoma malignant GCT and later recur during observation post surgery off study;
for these patients, if elevated tumor markers rise to > 5 x upper limit of normal
(ULN) on at least 2 measurements taken at least 1 week apart, a diagnostic biopsy is
not required for enrollment
- Low risk stage I immature teratoma (IT); site: ovarian; stage: Children's Oncology
Group (COG) stage I, Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IA and IB;
grade: 2 or 3; histology: pure immature teratoma (may contain microscopic foci of yolk
sac tumor), mixed immature and mature teratoma, (no pathological evidence of MGCT);
tumor markers: alpha-FP =< 1,000 ng/mL, beta-HCG institutional normal; all ages
- Low risk stage I non-seminoma MGCT; site: ovarian, testicular, or extragonadal; stage:
COG stage I, FIGO stage IA and IB, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)
testicular stage IA, IB and IS; histology: must contain at least one of the following:
yolk sac tumor, embryonal carcinoma, or choriocarcinoma (pure or mixed); all ages
- Low risk stage I seminoma-MGCT; site: testicular; stage: COG stage I; AJCC testicular
stage IA IB, and IS; histology: must contain at least one of the following: may
contain immature/mature teratoma; may NOT contain yolk sac tumor, embryonal carcinoma,
or choriocarcinoma; all ages
- Standard risk 1 (SR1); site: ovarian, testicular, or extragonadal; stage: COG stage
II-IV, FIGO stage IC, FIGO stage II-IV (International Germ Cell Consensus
Classification [IGCCC] criteria DO NOT apply); histology: must contain at least one of
the following: yolk sac tumor, embryonal carcinoma, or choriocarcinoma; age (years) <
11
- Standard risk 2 (SR2)
- Site: ovarian; stage: COG stage II and III, FIGO stage IC, II and III; histology:
must contain at least one of the following: yolk sac tumor, embryonal carcinoma,
or choriocarcinoma; age (years) >= 11 and < 25
- Site: testicular; stage: COG stage II-IV, AJCC stage II, III, IGCCC good risk;
histology: must contain at least one of the following: yolk sac tumor, embryonal
carcinoma, or choriocarcinoma; tumor markers: must be IGCCC good risk; post op:
alpha-FP < 1,000 ng/mL, beta-HCG < 5,000 IU/mL and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) <
3.0 x normal; age (years) >= 11 and < 25
- Site: extragonadal; stage: COG stage II; histology: must contain at least one of
the following: yolk sac tumor, embryonal carcinoma, or choriocarcinoma; age
(years) >= 11 and < 25
- Notes:
- IGCCC criteria only apply to SR2 patients with a testicular primary tumor
- Use post-op tumor marker levels to determine IGCCC risk group
- Stage 1 seminoma patients are not eligible for the standard risk arms of the
study
- For the low risk stage I non-seminoma MGCT and the standard risk arms, components
of yolk sac tumor, embryonal carcinoma, or choriocarcinoma can be mixed with
other forms of GCT, such as seminoma or mature or immature teratoma; if yolk sac
tumor is the only malignant component present, then it must be deemed by the
pathologist to be greater than a "microscopic component" of yolk sac tumor
- Patients must have a performance status corresponding to Eastern Cooperative Oncology
Group (ECOG) scores of 0, 1, 2 or 3; use Karnofsky for patients > 16 years of age and
Lansky for patients =< 16 years of age
- Organ function requirements apply ONLY to patients who will receive chemotherapy (SR1
and SR2 patients)
- Adequate renal function defined as:
- Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >= 70
mL/min/1.73 m^2 (within 7 days prior to enrollment) OR
- A serum creatinine based on age/gender as follows (within 7 days prior to enrollment):
(mg/dL)
- 1 month to < 6 months male: 0.4 female: 0.4
- 6 months to < 1 year male: 0.5 female: 0.5
- 1 to < 2 years male: 0.6 female: 0.6
- 2 to < 6 years male: 0.8 female: 0.8
- 6 to < 10 years male: 1 female: 1
- 10 to < 13 years male: 1.2 female: 1.2
- 13 to < 16 years: male: 1.5 female: 1.4
- >= 16 years male: 1.7 female: 1.4
- Total bilirubin =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age (within 7 days prior to
enrollment)
- Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) (aspartate aminotransferase [AST]) or
serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) (alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) < 2.5 x
upper limit of normal (ULN) for age (for the purpose of this study, the ULN for SGPT
is 45 U/L) (within 7 days prior to enrollment)
- Peripheral absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1,000/mm^3 (within 7 days prior to
enrollment) AND
- Platelet count >= 100,000/mm^3 (within 7 days prior to enrollment)
- Patients enrolling on the standard risk arms must be medically fit to receive protocol
treatment and with no contraindications to protocol treatment
- Eligibility criteria to participate in the pilot study of the AYA-Hears instrument
(patient reported outcomes [PROs] of ototoxicity) Note: participants in group 1 will
not receive AGCT1531 protocol-directed therapy; all other AYA-HEARS patients must be
enrolled on the AGCT1531 SR2 arm in order to participate
- >= 11 and < 25 years old at enrollment
- Able to fluently speak and read English
- Has received prior cisplatin- or carboplatin-based chemotherapy regimen for malignancy
including diagnoses other than germ cell tumor
- Followed for cancer or survivorship care at one of the following institutions:
- Baylor College of Medicine/Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Dana Farber/Harvard Cancer Center
- Hospital for Sick Children
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario
- Oregon Health and Science University
- Seattle Children's Hospital
- Yale University
Exclusion Criteria:
- Patients with any diagnoses not listed including:
- Stage I testicular cancer patients who have undergone primary RPLND
(retroperitoneal lymph node dissection)
- Pure dysgerminoma
- Pure mature teratoma
- Pure immature teratoma COG stage I, grade I
- Pure immature teratoma COG stage I, grade 2,3 with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) >=
1000 ng/mL
- Pure immature teratoma COG stage II - IV or FIGO stage IC to IV
- "Poor risk" GCT (age >= 11 years old and COG stage IV ovarian, COG stage III or
IV EG, or IGCCC intermediate or poor risk testicular), or
- Primary central nervous system (CNS) germ cell tumor
- Germ cell tumor with somatic malignant transformation
- Spermatocytic seminoma
- Patients must have had no prior systemic therapy for the current cancer diagnosis
- Patients must have had no prior radiation therapy with the exception of CNS
irradiation of brain metastases; (this exception only applies to SR1 patients; any
patients over age 11 with distant metastases to brain [stage IV disease] would be
considered poor risk and therefore not eligible for this trial)
- Patients with significant, pre-existing co-morbid respiratory disease that
contraindicate the use of bleomycin are ineligible for the standard risk arms of the
trial
- Female patients who are pregnant since fetal toxicities and teratogenic effects have
been noted for several of the study drugs; a pregnancy test is required for female
patients of childbearing potential; (this criteria applies ONLY to patients who will
receive chemotherapy [SR1 and SR2 patients])
- Lactating females who plan to breastfeed their infants; (this criteria applies ONLY to
patients who will receive chemotherapy [SR1 and SR2 patients])
- Sexually active patients of reproductive potential who have not agreed to use an
effective contraceptive method for the duration of their study participation; (this
criteria applies ONLY to patients who will receive chemotherapy [SR1 and SR2
patients])
